The pear-shaped stringed instrument the oud is believed to be the western lutes predecessor. It does not have frets. This musical instrument is still being played in Arabia, Armenia, Greece, Iran, Israel, and Turkey.
The words oud and lute might have come from the Arabic al-d or a thin piece of wood shaped like a straw. Or it could be a reference to the wood plectrum used to play the lute traditionally, or to the narrow wooden strips used to make the instruments back part. Or it could simply mean that the top is made of wood.
Although, research has suggested that d is the Arabization of the Persian word rud; a string, a stringed instrument, or a lute. The instrument is extensively played in Azerbaijan, where it is called an ud. It has been in Azerbaijan since the 7th century.
It is highly probable that is was the Arabs who took with them the instrument to Western Europe in 711 AD, when they erected the Umayyad Caliphate of Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula. Or the instrument could have wound its way to the Iberian Peninsula much earlier in the form of the ancient Roman pandura and Greek pandoura. Although, it is established that the royal houses of Al-Andalus cultivated the environment that increased the popularity of the instrument.
Zyriab was the most renowned player of the instrument in Al-Andalus. He put up Spains very first music conservatory. He also added the instruments fifth course and developed playing technique.
This European version became to be known as the lute — alaud in Spanish, liuto in Italian, luth in French, laute in German, and luit in Dutch. A stringed instrument maker, a luthier, comes from the French luth. The European lute uses frets, unlike the Middle Eastern version.
Legend has it that Lamech, Adams sixth grandson, created the instrument. Grieving over his sons death, Lamech suspended the body of his son from a tree. The shape of his sons bleached skeleton put the idea into his head to make the first oud.
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